Blue+Ocean+Strategy


 * Blue Ocean Strategy** is a business book written by Professors W. Chan Kim and Renée Mauborgne, from the [|INSEAD] business school. The book offers retrospective examples of how successful businesses captured uncontested market space, and thereby made competition irrelevant. This was formerly described as "Value Innovation," in 5 articles for the Harvard Business Review by Kim & Maubourgne before they released the book in 2005.

Concept
The "ocean" refers to the market or industry. "Blue oceans" are untapped and uncontested markets, which provide little or no competition for anyone who would dive in, since the markets are not crowded. A "red ocean", on the other hand, refers to a saturated market where there is fierce competition, already crowded with people (companies) providing the same type of services or producing the same kind of goods. Their idea is to do something different from everyone else, producing something that no one has yet seen, thereby creating a "blue ocean". An essential concept is that the innovation (in product, service, or delivery) must raise and create value for the market, while simultaneously reducing or eliminating features or services that are less valued by the current or future market. The authors critique [|Michael Porter's] idea that successful business are either low-cost providers, or niche-players. Instead, they propose finding value that crosses conventional market segmentation and offering value //and// lower cost. 

Examples
Some examples of companies that may have created new market spaces in the opinion of Kim and Mauborgne include: [|Cirque du Soleil] (unique circus format), [|Gmail] (offering significantly more email storage space for free) and [|Home Depot] (offering the prices and range of lumberyard, while offering consumers classes to help them with DIY projects). Another example in the electronic entertainment sector is [|Nintendo], with their [|Wii] console and [|Nintendo DS] handheld, which have made [|videogames] more accessible to non-gamers. Nintendo's EVP for North America, [|Reggie Fils-Aime], mentioned [|Nintendo's blue ocean strategy] at the [|DICE] 2006 conference in Las Vegas, Nevada. 

Criticisms
While the professors offer approaches to finding uncontested market space, at present there are few, if any, success stories of companies that applied their theories. This is notable given that they have promoted the basic concepts since 1997. A critical question is whether this book and its related ideas are //descriptive// rather than //prescriptive.// The authors present many examples of successful innovations, and then explain from their Blue Ocean perspective - essentially interpreting previous successes through their lenses.